Jay Gopal, an affiliate at Telkes lab, presented his study entitled “Comparison of Intraoperative Neural Changes during Tonic vs. High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients” at the 2023 Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. This work brings us closer to a fundamental understanding of chronic pain and how spinal cord stimulation modulates the brain.